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  1. HIV Resistance Assays - NCBI Bookshelf 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558864
    ... The guideline includes evidence-based recommendations for using HIV drug resistance testing to help improve ART outcomes. Toward that end, ... to: Assist clinicians in determining when to order HIV drug resistance testing Inform clinicians about the different types, benefits, and ...
  2. Diagnosis and Management of HIV-2 in Adults - NCBI Bookshelf 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558318
    ... recommended for patients with HIV-1 except for HIV drug resistance testing, which is not available. (A3) Testing includes CD4 ... recommended for patients with HIV-1 except for HIV drug resistance testing, which is not available. (A3) Testing includes CD4 ...
  3. ANTIRETOVIRAL THERAPY - Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Prevention, Testing, Treatment, Service Delivery and Monitoring: ... 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572730
    ... on the programmatic characteristics. Alternatively, and if feasible, HIV drug resistance testing can be considered to guide the selection of ... choice of PI could not be made. Alternatively, HIV drug resistance testing should be considered where feasible to guide first- ...
  4. MONITORING ART PROGRAMME FUNCTIONING - Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Prevention, Testing, Treatment, Service Delivery .... 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572735
    ... periodic surveys while expanding routine viral load and HIV drug resistance testing; (3) encourage relevant and innovative research that will ... HIV drug resistance surveys are encouraged to perform HIV drug resistance testing at a WHO-designated laboratory. These laboratories are ...
  5. DRUG RESISTANCE - Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Infants and Children: Towards Universal Access - NCBI ... 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138591
    ... to prevent MTCT. WHO does not recommend routine HIV drug resistance testing for individual patient management in settings where other ... with resistant virus. WHO does not recommend routine HIV drug resistance testing for individual infant, child or adult patient management ...
  6. RESEARCH GAPS AND NEEDS - Guidelines on Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention - NCBI Bookshelf 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK586575
    ... available through CAB-LA services. 5.4. Optimal HIV testing strategies and drug resistance As noted in section 4.1 , the optimal ... age 18 Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding Optimal HIV testing strategies and drug resistance Service delivery models Population-level impact and costs ...
  7. Clinical Review - Cabotegravir (Apretude) - NCBI Bookshelf 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK612246
    ... participants who acquired HIV infection: HIV viral load, HIV drug resistance testing, HIV subtyping. Other tests may have been performed in ... with reported dual-class resistance (NRTI and NNRTI), resistance observed in the ... in plasma and DBS and PK testing was limited to a subset of the samples. ...
  8. Second-Line ART After Treatment Failure or for Regimen Simplification - NCBI Bookshelf 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589928
    ... M., et al. Clinically relevant thresholds for ultrasensitive HIV drug resistance testing: a multi-country nested case-control study. Lancet HIV. 2018; 5 (11):e638–e646. [ PubMed : 30282603 ] Jacobs ...
  9. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554533
    ... 2025 Jan Review Study of the impact of HIV genotypic drug resistance testing on therapy efficacy. [Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 2001] Review Study of the impact of HIV genotypic drug resistance testing on therapy efficacy. Van Vaerenbergh K. Verh K ...
  10. LABORATORY METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HIV INFECTION IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN - WHO Recommendations on the Diagnosis of HIV ... 
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138552
    ... 39 , 41 , 76 ), some serological testing ( 75 ), and HIV drug-resistance testing ( 41 , 48 , 74 , 76 - 86 ). Further details on specimen collection, storage and transport are available online ... periods. DBS (for HIV DNA and RNA testing) have been used successfully ...
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