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Dysphonia
- Spasmodic dysphonia is difficulty speaking due to spasms ( dystonia ) of the muscles that control the vocal cords. ... The exact cause of spasmodic dysphonia is unknown. Sometimes it is ... cases result from a problem in the brain and nervous system ...
- Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a type of nerve blocker. When injected, BTX blocks nerve signals to muscles so they relax. BTX is the toxin ...
- Spasmodic Dysphonia (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders)Voice Disorders/Specifics ... Voice Disorders ... Spasmodic dysphonia is a neurological disorder affecting the voice muscles, which causes voice breaks and can ...
- ... Schwartz SR, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Hoarseness (Dysphonia) (Update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2018;158(1_ ...
- Speech and language impairment may be any of several problems that make it difficult to communicate. ... The following are common speech ...
- ... THAP1 (DYT6) and generalised dystonia with prominent spasmodic dysphonia: a genetic screening study. Lancet Neurol. 2009 May; ...
- ... 4 (also known as DYT4 dystonia or whispering dysphonia), which is characterized by a weak, whispery voice (dysphonia) that typically begins in adulthood. Affected adults later ...
- NIDCD Glossary (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders)Ear Infections/Reference Desk ... Ear Infections ... Dizziness and Vertigo/Reference Desk ... Dizziness and Vertigo ... Speech and Communication Disorders/Reference Desk ... Speech ...
- Hoarseness (American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery)Hoarseness (also called dysphonia) is an abnormal change in the quality of your voice, making it sound raspy, strained, breathy, or weak.
- Voice Disorders (National Library of Medicine)Voice is the sound made by air passing from your lungs through your larynx, or voice box. In your larynx are your vocal cords, two bands of muscle that vibrate ...