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Dysphonia
- Spasmodic dysphonia is difficulty speaking due to spasms ( dystonia ) of the muscles that control the vocal cords. ... The exact cause of spasmodic dysphonia is unknown. Sometimes it is ... cases result from a problem in the brain and nervous system ...
- Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a type of nerve blocker. When injected, BTX blocks nerve signals to muscles so they relax. BTX is the toxin ...
- ... Schwartz SR, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Hoarseness (Dysphonia) (Update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2018;158(1_ ...
- Speech and language impairment may be any of several problems that make it difficult to communicate. ... The following are common speech ...