... as PPH. Studies were typically conducted or data collected over long time frames (median study duration = 5 years, range 6 months to 29 years), ...

... holders of the secondary data may take significant time. Less expensive because data used are already collected. The duration of the study is short relative to studies ...

... 90 percent of women were postmenopausal at the time of enrollment in the cohort. Information on breastfeeding was collected in 1994 to 1997; total duration of breastfeeding was calculated as the sum of ...

... data to support a CEA, especially past this time frame, are likely to be very limited. Resource Use, Size, and Duration Because a CEA can draw from previously collected data, the cost of such a study should ...

... recall bias likely present due to length of time between exposure and BF self-report (women were between 50–79). Hwang, 2016 111 No No Probably no High Duration of lactation is collected retrospectively over a potentially long period of recall, ...

... for the condition. Outcomes-related information included both collected and reported outcomes and time points. Additional ... generation Allocation sequence concealment Blinding Methods for ...

... producing a valid result: Subjects are followed over time. The duration of the study is short since it is retrospective. Baseline measures are not prospectively assessed; the researchers must accept the data already collected, so key variables may not be added. Significant ...

... records and quality of life surveys. Outcomes were collected at various time points with ... Setting Studies were conducted in the United States, ...

... patient record and the potential inconsistencies in data collected over time and between providers. ... duration of preventive pharmacologic treatments for chronic migraine? (T) ...

... share their unpublished data. Resource use, Size, and ... data would be collected from existing studies, there would be no ethical ...